Essay on The Problem of Other Minds - 2262 Words

To the vast majority of people, the problem of other minds may seem inconsequential or non-existent; to some; however, the problem of other minds is a tantalizing dilemma. The problem of other minds asks how one can support the commonsense belief in the existence of other minded individuals against the general denial of other minds. A general denial of other minds requires an individual to wholeheartedly believe they are the only minded individual that exists and all others are simple automatons. The problem of other minds arises because any belief we have about another’s minds is drawn solely from observation and inference; and the information supplied by the senses cannot be proven accurate. Furthermore no amount of observation can†¦show more content†¦The second objection is the difficulty in ascertaining which behaviors constitute thought and/or experience and which do not. Logical Behaviorism would imply that an actor depicting a character in pain would ind eed be experiencing pain, an obvious fallacy. Humble Disclosure argues that the awareness of one’s own mind permits the belief in other minds; furthermore, our own conscious thoughts, emotions, and experiences depend upon our ability to apprehend other minds. A major objection to Humble Disclosure is it â€Å"begs the question,† or makes the assumption that one cannot self-ascribe mental concepts to one’s self without other-ascribing them as well. Consider the unrealistic yet prudent scenario of an individual whom is completely â€Å"normal,† but has lived in solitary confinement his or her entire life, and then accidentally cuts themselves. One would assume pain is still felt even though the individual is incapable of ascribing belief to others (the very concept of â€Å"others† does not exist to them). The final non-solution Graham mentions is Arguments from Analogy which goes as follows: I know I am minded and because I am similar to others I am correct in inferring others are minded as well. This explanation has a few problems however, the first of which is it only allows minds to be ascribed to humans (â€Å"normal, healthy† ones at that).Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Other Minds1673 Words   |  7 PagesProblem of Other Minds We all go through our life’s as individuals. We are present in our life’s at the time of our birth, though we do not recall being there. We are present in our life’s at the time of death. There have thoughts and experiences of interacting with other objects, animals, and humans. But is this reality? Can I be certain, without a doubt, of the credibility of my experiences? Are there other beings and if so do these beings have conscious experiences? Furthermore, I will questionRead MoreThe Mind Body Problem By Mark Rowlands957 Words   |  4 Pagesof the mind and the body. By looking at the mind-body problem, the aspects of dualism in it, and the supporting and opposing arguments for dualism, one can understand what the mind truly is. First of all, what is the mind-body problem. Mark Rowlands defines the mind-body problem as a problem of understanding the nature of the mind in his article, â€Å"The Mind-Body Problem† on the CREDO website. The mind-body problem focuses on the questions such as what the relationship is between the mind and theRead MoreDescartes Teachings On Dualism977 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes sees the mind as an immaterial, non-physical soul. He believes that his thoughts can be altered but he can never be tricked into the thinking that he is thinking when he is not. While he has complete faith in the existence of his mind, he doubts the existence of his body and the existence of other people s minds. The reason for his doubt in his body is that he believes he can be tricked into perceiving himself as having a body when he in fact does not. Descartes sees the mind as separate fromRead MoreRelationship Between Mind And Body929 Words   |  4 PagesIn philosophy, Mind–body dual ism is any theory that states that the mind and body are two distinct kinds of substances or natures. The problem of the relationship of the mind to body arose from the works of Renà © Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician of the 17th-century who gave dualism its classical formulation or made it to be what it is today. Conceived from his famous â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† (Latin) meaning â€Å"I think, therefore I am,† he developed a theory of the mind as a nontangible andRead MoreThe Mind Body Problem : A Philosophical Dilemma Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe mind-body problem is a philosophical dilemma that has perplexed philosophers, scientists, and students alike since the time of Renà © Descartes. Simply stated, the mind-body problem is: what is the relationship between the mind and body? However, the mind-body problem is not simple at all because from the simply stated question above, numerous other questions abound such as: does the mental impact th e physical? How does the mental impact the physical? What are mental and physical properties? CurrentlyRead MoreI. Introduction. The Mind Body Problem Is A Problem That1590 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction The mind body problem is a problem that has been around for a long time. The problem is the question Does the body rule the mind, or does the mind rule the body?, the reason it s still a problem today is because we don t have a scientific understanding of how the mind and body interact. The interactions of the mind and the matter of the body is seen every day. You can only be aware of things around you through your senses. When you touch a table, your fingers tell you throughRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Body Problem The mind-body problem, which is still debated even today, raises the question about the relationship between the mind and the body. Theorists, such as Renà © Descartes and Thomas Nagel, have written extensively on the problem but they have many dissenting beliefs. Descartes, a dualist, contends that the mind and body are two different substances that can exist separately. Conversely, Nagel, a dual aspect theorist, contends that the mind and body are not substances but differentRead MoreThe Mind Body Problem, By Rene Descartes Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pages Mind-Body Problem Oluwadamilola Kamson Philosophy 101: Introduction to Philosophy November 2016 INTRODUCTION The Mind-body problem dates back to Plato and was well received by the scholastic philosophers. However, it was Rene Descartes the famous French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. The mind-body problem is not, of course, a single problem at all, but a large collection of problems which focuses upon the fundamental issue of reality and knowledge in so far as such analysisRead MoreThe Mind And Body Problem1046 Words   |  5 PagesPatel December 13, 2014 PHILO 1100-091 The Mind and Body Problem The issue of the origins of consciousness has been a problem that has philosophers and scientists alike, puzzled for years. Is it a matter of science? Can it be explained through neurobiological processes or is it just something that simply cannot be reduced to words? Rene Descartes had struggled to explain this problem through his idea of substance dualism. This idea states that the mind and body are of two separate worlds, the physicalRead MoreGraham On The Mind Body Problem1502 Words   |  7 PagesClines PHIL 290-16 April 15, 2015 Paper 2: Graham on the Mind-Body Problem The Mind/Body Problem: Dualism, Physicalism, or Both? In â€Å"The Disordered Mind†, author George Graham claims the mind/body problem to be one of the most famous problems in the history of philosophy. The mind/body problem is â€Å"the question of the place of consciousness and intentionality or of the mind in the physical world† (Graham 76). In other words, are the brain and mind two separate entities, or are they one physical entity

Dreams The American Dream - 1824 Words

Dreams The American dream, for most people, is exactly that – A dream. It’s make believe, fiction. It’s what we think American should be like, not what it actually is. The American dream will always be out of reach for common people. The majority of people I interviewed said something along the lines of, â€Å"the American dream is to be given a chance to do something or be something you want to be.† This opinion seems to be too optimistic. Everyone wants more than what they have. It’s not enough to be given the chance, you have to succeed. What it takes to succeed is an entirely different aspect of the American dream. Succeeding Succeeding is a never ending cycle, like a carousel in constant motion. One must take their chances jumping onto. To make money, you need to have a job. To have a good job, you need and education. To further your education you need money to pay for college. It’s an oxymoron. In the 1950’s sending a child to college would on be 18% of the parent’s annual income. While today it would be 79% of their gross income (mybudget360). In the 50’s, tuition of the University of Pennsylvania was $600 a year compared to the current tuition at $40,000 (2). This supports that anyone attempting to succeed at their version of the American dream, whatever it may be, could ultimately fail because of the massive amount of debt they would be in. Whether they achieve this dream or give up because of the impossible standards. Immigration So, what does it take to become anShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and highRead MoreSister Carrie and the American Dream1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is surely based on the concept of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† but it is above all, a matter of ambition. James Truslow Adams, an American writer and historian, in 1931 states: life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†, which not only points towards a better standard of living for Americans but also denounces a de gree of greed in the US society. Ambition not only â€Å"killed the cat† butRead MoreThe American Dream By Kimberly Amadeo1637 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, a large number of people migrate to the United States to work and achieve the American Dream. According to the Article â€Å"What is the American Dream?† by Kimberly Amadeo, â€Å"The American Dream was first publicly defined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams in Epic of America. Adam’s often-repeated quote is, ‘The American Dream is that dream of land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.’† There are many peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The American Dream 754 Words   |  4 Pages Nyreel Powell Ms. Jones American Literature 1 June 2015 The American dream in A Raisin in the Sun Have you ever had a dream and it didn’t come how you wanted it to be? Have you ever had accomplishments that you wanted to achieve but people were getting in the way of them? The four main characters in this book all have good dreams but there are people in the way of getting to those dreams or their dream is too high to accomplish. A Raisin in the Sun a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, andRead MoreGrapes Of Wrath And The American Dream1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of the American Dream is ever changing depending on the person and the time of life that person is in. Although the main ideas of the American Dream remain the same to be educated, economically sound, healthy, to have a family, and equal rights. Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, bot h depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. Self destruction, if you will†¦ Mr. Self Destruct Read MoreJim Cullen And The American Dream2081 Words   |  9 Pages The American Dream, as defined by Cullen, is starting your goal off with a little and ending with more; it s like a business, you invest in it in order to gain more money. Usually, people will define the American Dream as being able to achieve your goal because everyone is offered opportunities. Cullen does acknowledge that people are born with different opportunities, so he talks about the good life. The good life describes different factors that determine your opportunities. Throughout the otherRead MoreFactors Influencing The American Dream1834 Words   |  8 Pagesindividual to succumb or to not succumb to the seductions of crime. These three factors are brilliantly portrayed in the television show, Breaking Bad and the novel, The Stick Up Kids. The American Dream is what many American citizens strive for. However, not all of those citizens are able to achieve the American Dream through a legal pathway. The reason an indivudal may not being able to do so is because of his or her background factors. It is important to note that background factors are a fractionRead MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words   |  5 PagesApril 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word â€Å"success†, we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player and coach viewRead MoreShark Tank And The American Dream1755 Words   |  8 PagesShark Tank and The American Dream The TV show Shark tank embodies everything the American dream represents. The show obtains successful Entrepreneurs ready to invest their own money into other Americans wanting to be just like them, reaching the American dream and become a successful entrepreneur. The show presents entrepreneurs working towards the goal of creating a business to not only gain wealth but also change the way we live today. The show is to keep the American dream alive and well while

Impact of Television Advertisement in Hotel Industry of United Kingdom

Table of Contents Introduction. Working Title. Background of the Study. Research Aims and Objectives. Research Questions. Research Hypothesis. Literature Review. Research Design and Research Methodology. Research onion. Research Philosophy. Research Design. Sampling Method. Sample Size. Data Collection Method. Primary Data Collection Method. Secondary Data Collection Method. Data Analysis. References. Introduction Working Title Importance of advertising as a form of marketing communication in UK hotel industry with special emphasis on Holiday Inn, UK Background of the Study In the present focused business sector, with a specific end goal to secure long haul productivity, the business associations now focusing on creating promotions in such a path so that it supports the business association to construct dedicated and delightful client base. Advertising is an important tool for promoting a business which is widely used in hospitality industry. A significant increase in the global travelers has been observed for the past few decades. Consequently, the hospitality industry is also expanding and giving rise to extensive competition (PwC, 2014) (Jamieson, 2013). Hotel industry is unique because it has to deal with tangible and intangible product. Advertising is a form of marketing communications that assists in reaching the potential as well as existing customer base. In order to scrutinize the importance of advertisement in hotel industry for increasing its customer base this research study will be carried out. This research study will consider Holiday Inn for analyzing its impact on television advertising (Ihg.com, 2014). Research Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of a research must be presented in a comprehensive manner. The research aim is to analyze the importance of television advertisement in hotel industry. The objectives of this research paper are: To analyze the core concepts of advertising and its strategies in marketing in context of hotel industry. To analyze the influence of television advertisement in consumer behavior. To evaluate the present trend in the hotel industry. The relevance of television advertisement in enhancing customer base in hotel industry. Research Questions The research questions of a research paper help to identify the major issues of the research topic. Hence, addressing the research questions will helps in proceeding in the right direction in an organized manner. Answering the following questions will help in achieving the research objectives of this paper. What is the present situation of hotel industry? What is the role of marketing communications in hotel industry? What is the impact of television advertisements in hotel industry? What are the present advertising strategies adopted by the hotels? What are the most important elements of effective advertisement for hotel industry? Research Hypothesis H0: Television advertisement has a great impact on increasing the customer base of Holiday Inn H1: Television advertisement has no significant impact on increasing the customer base of Holiday Inn. Literature Review The endurance of a business is extensively dependent upon the purchasing decision of the customers which is responsible for generating revenue for the business. Presently, the hotel industry of United Kingdom is focusing on developing marketing strategies in order to maximize their revenue in the extremely competitive market. The hotel groups in United Kingdom are attempting to gain competitive advantage by focusing on their promotional activities which connects them with their clients and help in creating enthusiastic bond with them. The hotel needs to recognize the need of the customers, their preferences for ensuring superior quality service. Thus, the customer retention rate will increase which will add to the profit margin of the organization (Arens and Schaefer, 2007). Marketing communication is a crucial factor which helps to communicate the real essence of the brand so that their brand image over the time. Marketing mix elements help in developing strategies for enhancing the customer base (Hudson, 2004). Advertising is an effective tool for promoting brands by increasing brand awareness which highly influences the customer decision (Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne, 2002). The most widely recognized medium for buyers to perceive any brand in a Television advertisement is verbal as well as visual yet numerous advertisements have failed to attain brand linkage (Jones, Hillier and Comfort, 2014). Hence there are significant numbers of customers who cannot recognize the brand effectively. Therefore, considering the marketing objectives and market segments, suitable advertisements must be designed for influencing the customers (Janes, 2006). The major elements of advertising designing are target market, message, media, timeframe and budget. There are four sorts of audiences and each one portion requires an alternate methodology while outlining promotional strategies. The first section is non-clients, who have the knowledge of the product yet are not the potential clients (MacRury, 2009). The other fragment is new, generally individuals who are new to the market and are recognized as growth section (Kotler, Bowen and Makens, 2006). The promotional strategy aims to provide product knowledge and it may affect their purchasing behavior. There are two other groups: loyals and switchers. These two groups are already established segment of market. The objective of the advertisements in hotel industry is to reassure the loyal customers that they are making right choices. The advertisement must be able to attract the switchers by offering lucrative offers etc. Message or Unique Selling Proposition (USP) is an important element of advertising planning. USP is the theme of campaigning for services offered and many times becomes the slogan. It should reflect the benefits for buying the services of hotels which can be supported by highlighting the features of the offered services (Kotler, Bowen and Makens, 2006). In the hotel industry, hotels must choose a suitable media for publishing its advertisements so that it can reach to the target audience (Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne, 2002). The hotel industry has been using broadcasting media like TV, radio and print media like daily papers and magazines for advertising their product and service. Tele-showcasing and web advertising are picking up significance in the hotel business nowadays. Another factor involved in planning to achieve objectives of advertising is the amount of money an organization is willing to spend on advertisements. The funds allocated for advertisement make up the advertising budget which is approved by the management. Timing is exception ally imperative for the accomplishment of a publicizing battle. Distinguishing when the shoppers are eager to use is worth for business (Lasune and others, 2012). Some organizations select to promote when their intended interest group wants to purchase the product or services (Shoemaker, Lewis and Yesawich, 2007). The goal of television advertising is to make the viewers watch and get the real essence or message. Television advertising revenues has fluctuations and it decline by about 6% in 2009, following a 7.6% gain in 2010. In 2011, television advertising could go either way, showing a gain of up to several percentage points or a decline of the same magnitude or more. Television advertisement revenue went up by 3.5% which is considered to be record high (Gravelle, 2014). Broadcast television advertising is likely to come back later than newspaper advertising, simply because demand for brand advertising and national advertising is likely to lag local and retail advertising in the months ahead (HsinHui and others, 2012). In addition, budget-conscious advertisers will be keeping an eye on every pound spent. It was expected that worldwide promotional activities spending will grow by 3.5% in 2013, arriving at $503 billion at the end of the year. According to ZentithOptmedia, largest share in the advertising is contributed by the television advertisement. The travel and hospitality enterprises are in the main five business sectors that are spending on this broadcasting media, using more than $152 million communally (Hositality Net, 2014). The hotels use television advertisement for rising brand awareness and knowledge about the value added service which will help in differentiating the brand from other similar priced hotels (www.nielsen.com, 2009) (Parsons, 2013). Research Design and Research Methodology Research strategy or methodology delineates the synthesis of the various segments of the whole research, which incorporates examination methodology, exploration configuration and information gathering technique in order to meet the research objective. Accordingly, research outline and approach is about the methodology emulated by the researcher and through which the researcher can make a suitable inference of the present research study. Then again, the choice of an improper system may cause the disparity of conclusions from the specified research objectives. Hence, a researcher needs to concentrate in order to recognize the significance of each step of the research study. In this section, the research approach adopted for this topic will be discussed. Research onion The research onion is the conceptual reproduction of the whole research strategy embraced for the specific research study. In research onion, each of the layers delineates each venture of the research technique to direct the present research. Moreover, each of the individual layers of this onion helped the researcher to distinguish the proper pathway or the suitable strategies to complete the study. Each of these layers has its own particular ramifications and achievement. Research Philosophy Throughout the conduction of a research, the exploration rationality upholds the researcher to improve the information base about the present research subject. Once more, the appropriation of relevant reasoning empowers the researcher to choose and review various systems at the preparatory period of the research study. As research theory empowers the researcher to take up proper strategies for completing the present research, the researcher may embrace the positivism logic for the present research study. The essential purpose behind picking the positivism rationality is that, with the assistance of positivism theory, the researcher can smoothly accomplish the targets of the research study. Moreover, this positivism research reasoning likewise underpins the researcher to empower the respondents throughout the time of gathering the essential information. Consequently, it might be said that the positivism rationality is suitable methodology for analyzing the impact of the television adv ertising in hotel industry of UK, especially in case of Holiday Inn (Morgan and Pritchard, 2001). Research Design The Research Design fundamentally backs the research study by building a schema of the whole research study. The research work itself all together can draw the research arrangement to gather the objectives of the study. Hence, it is clear that the research outline of any study concentrate on the essential goals of the research study. An adequate illustration of the research configuration empowers the researcher to keep up the supremacy of the research study. The explanation behind receiving graphic configuration for the flow research study is that, the distinctive examination outline will give steady hand towards the researcher, so as to relate the discoveries of the research study with its objectives and aim. Moreover, the clear research plan additionally backs the researcher to return to the research questions, associating with what, how, who, when and whom of the research study. The comprehensive research design focuses on the quantitative analysis of the collected information. Th is gathered information are assessed in the data analysis segment with the assistance of charts, outlines, graphs and so forth. Additionally, the research study needs an in depth discussion in order to make a concluding statement regarding the impact of television advertisement in hotel industry of UK (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003). Sampling Method There are two types of sampling method used for carrying out a research study. Between probability sampling and non-probability sampling, probability sampling will be most suitable for the present study. The probability sampling can be classified into three types such as simple random sampling, stratified random sampling and cluster sampling. According to the goals and objectives of this research simple random sampling must be chosen. The random sampling method is an unbiased method which is appropriate for large volume of samples. Sample Size Sample size depicts how many samples should be considered for performing the research study. Basically, sample size depicts the number of respondents participated in the survey. As random probabilistic sampling method has been chosen for this study large number of sample size will generate good result. Hence, for this research study 70 respondents has been chosen. Data Collection Method There are two types of data that will be used in this research study. While collecting data from research study, the researcher must choose reliable sources and follow ethical data collection method. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the television advertisement on the hotel industry, especially in case of Holiday Inn. In order to complete the research study efficiently, data must be collected form reliable resources (Hair, 2007). Primary Data Collection Method Primary data can be collected by conducting survey. Initially, a questionnaire must be prepared which must be closed ended. Before conducting the survey, a pilot survey can be arranged in order to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the questionnaire. Therefore, with the help of random sampling method, respondents must be chosen and interviewed. Secondary Data Collection Method Secondary data refers to the existing relevant theories, models, historical researches which can be accessed from the reliable sources. For collecting secondary data, journals, books, magazines, newspapers, websites etc can be used. Data Analysis Researcher needs to adopt suitable analytical or statistical tools for analyzing the data. Both primary and secondary data needs to be analyzed. The quantitative primary data must be analyzed and the outcome needs to be supported by the secondary data collected from past researches and existing theories. While evaluating the impact of advertisements on Holiday Inn, correlation techniques must be used. Gantt Chart Principal Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Selection of topic and scope analysis Identification of the sources for secondary data Preparation of Research Proposal Literature Review Description of Research Methodology Preparation of survey questions Collection of primary data Analyzing data Comparison of findings Conclusion and recommendation Final submission References Arens, W. and Schaefer, D. (2007).Essentials of contemporary advertising. 1st ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Christopher, M., Payne, A. and Ballantyne, D. (2002).Relationship marketing. 1st ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Field, S. (2005).Advertising and Public Relations. 1st ed. New York: Infobase Publishing. Gravelle, A. (2014).TV ad revenues up 3.5% to record high | Advertising news | Campaign. Hair, J. (2007).Research methods for business. 1st ed. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Hospitality Net, (2014).Hospitality Net - Online Video vs. Television Advertising in the Digital Age | By Frank Vertolli. HsinHui, H. and others, (2012). The effectiveness of environmental advertising in the hotel industry.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(2), pp.154--164. Hudson, S. (2004).Marketing for tourism and hospitality. 1st ed. Toronto: Nelson. Ihg.com, (2014).Holiday Inn Hotels Resorts | Book Hotel Rooms Hotel Accommodation. Jamieson, L. (2013).Data Centre. [online] Hotel Industry Magazine. Janes, P. (2006).Marketing in leisure and tourism. 1st ed. State College, Pa.: Venture Pub., Inc. Jones, P., Hillier, D. and Comfort, D. (2014). Sustainability in the global hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(1), pp.5--17. Kotler, P., Bowen, J. and Makens, J. (2006).Marketing for hospitality and tourism. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Lasune, S. and others, (2012). Marketing strategies and quality management of five star hotels in order to improve its revenue with special reference to selected five star hotels in Mumbai.ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF REASEARCH IN COMMERCE MANAGEMENT, p.28. MacRury, I. (2009).Advertising. 1st ed. London: Routledge. Morgan, N. and Pritchard, A. (2001).Advertising in tourism and leisure. 1st ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Parsons, R. (2013).Holiday Inn Express launches first UK TV ad | News | Marketing Week. PwC, (2014).Hotels forecast - The Regions. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2003).Research methods for business students. 1st ed. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall. Shoemaker, S., Lewis, R. and Yesawich, P. (2007).Marketing leadership in hospitality and tourism. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson.

Women Of Deh Koh Essay Example For Students

Women Of Deh Koh Essay Reflection Paper TwoAchieving Honor as a Woman of Deh KohNovember 9, 2000Achieving Honor as a Woman of Deh KohTo many Westerners, the overall plight of females in Iran appears tenuous. It is illegal for females above the age of 9 to appear in public with out their heads veiled and bodies entirely covered. Women cannot serve in certain occupations, such as the military. It is difficult for a married woman to divorce her spouse, yet for men the right to divorce is unquestioned and done with ease. Married women in Iran who wish to leave the country for any reason must first obtain the permission of their husbands. We will write a custom essay on Women Of Deh Koh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Despite their many restrictions, females in Iran are anything but fragile. Iranian women are proud, strong, and work at changing the society they live in. In Erika Friedls book, Women of Deh Koh, Lives In An Iranian Village, she shows the reader what it is like to be a woman in Iran. She explains how nothing really stays the same for long, there is always change. She says, men grow tall before they wither and die; girls, like flowers, bloom shortly, only to wrinkle and dry up The men are really the caretakers and the bosses. In the story of Maryam and Kosrshid, it says that she is illiterate and had to do all of her book keeping in her head. She was successful at doing this. She really was taking control in many situations. She wanted the school administration to buy one vineyard that was located in a convenient spot. She was successful at this as well. Throughout the book, Freidl gives many examples of hardships and triumphant times for women. Obviously everyone in life has many hardships but these women go through so much more. Friedl lets you hear the womans voice not just her own observations. She shows how women can be strong, but also women who are struggling. Each chapter focuses on a different woman in the village. Blood, marriage, or both relate most of the women so the stories intertwine. The women are not silent or weak. They endure their burdens, gossip, complain about each other, establish relationships, claim their rights as elders, pray to Allah, all within their allotted rights. They make sure no one is infringing on their rights, including daughter-in-laws who become part of their families after marriage. Daughter-in-laws are always lazy, or mother in laws are always slave drivers depending on whose story you are reading at the time. Everybody knows each others business and keeps things in check. This book is an insight to a womans lifestyle that you cant see yourself. Little girls are made to marry at as young as 13. Women are beaten because they do not want to get married. It is sad, but true. It is a lifestyle these women have been accustomed to. Hopefully in the future women in these countries will be treated with respect and be given the right to do as they wish, not as their counterparts say they must do.

Ethics and Religion

Ethics and Religion Free Online Research Papers 1. Part two of McClendon concerns the church as a caring community. This community is not isolated but is part of the world. It has rules or laws that govern its actions and activities individually and collectively. One cannot embrace Christianity and live outside of society but, Christians should live in this world with its social mores as unified followers of Christ. We must be guided by the Holy Spirit to live socially, politically, and morally. Christians cannot ignore the fact that we live in a world with principalities and powers. These powers are not other worldly but they are of such that we deal with in our everyday lives. In our government we hear that there is a separation of church and state but, as followers of Christ we cannot ignore these powers. I believe we can live and be nonviolent but we cannot live not speaking out against the unjust deeds, and deplorable conditions in this world. However, we have to do this as a unified caring community. McClendon says that the caring community has both an internal and external moral life. The internal life concerns Christian living on a personal level. As a caring community we are responsible for others in the world also. McClendon uses the Sermon on the Mount as the rules or guide for living in this community. Do the church today practice mercy, compassion, and love as expressed by Jesus in this sermon? When Christians embrace the attitudes of the Sermon on the Mount others cannot be ignored socially or politically. When Christians ignore politically then we subject ourselves and others to such unfavorable leaders as Hitler. If we are â€Å"Our brother’s keeper† then we must stand up to prevent such atrocities as the Holocaust. Although it has taken place we must practice forgiveness if we are really Disciples of Christ. When the Lord’s Prayer becomes more than merely words to be recited we recognize that forgiveness is integral to the life of the believer. We will not be forgiven if we cannot forgive our brothers and sisters. Healing can never take place if the injury is never forgiven. The Lord’s Supper provides not only an avenue for forgiveness but, it brings the community of Christ together creating a unified body. It is the central theme for the caring community. It causes the injuring party to recognize the act of harm and to seek forgiveness, along with the injured party the ability to extend forgiveness to those who caused the injury. The act of forgiveness helps the community to maintain itself. Without forgiveness the community will destroy itself. 2. Part I shows us how Christians embodies the ethics of Jesus the Christ or how we live the ethics of Jesus. Chapter one told us that we are a convictional community that lives by a set standard or conviction. As followers of Christ we have taken on his attitudes and follow in his convictions to bring others into the community of believers. We embrace the Bible as the authoritative Word of God therefore we follow the standards and instructions of it. We believe that we have the freedom to respond to God without fear or reservation and by following the previous standards we can expect a life transformed into service by Jesus Christ. Here we begin the connection with part two which says that a life transformed by service does not end with self but, it is a life transformed into service to others. We are the body of Christ a caring community that loves and forgives one another as Christ would have us do. 3. Does your church practice what McClendon describes in Part II? My church does practice a community of care because we are what are known as a connectional church. My church is part of a district, and this district is part of the Western North Carolina Conference. This conference is then part of the general church that makes up all of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Churches of the world. We care for others through mission and community work. We are politically active by history having included in our membership such persons as Sojourner Truth, Mary McLeod Bethune, and Fredrick Douglas. We reach across denominational lines as we are members of the World Federation of Churches. We are part of the AIDS Council that is fighting this deadly disease worldwide. However, have we done enough in being a caring community? I think we have much work to be done still. There continues to be underprivileged persons, those who are starving, those who are considered second class citizens, and as the Bible tells us â€Å"The harvest is plentiful but, the la borers are few†. 4. How would you go about getting an already established church to follow the procedure which McClendon recommends? The only way is to bring the body to follow the procedures in McClendon is by beginning to follow what is found in the scriptures. The Sermon on the Mount gives us the teachings of Jesus that we should follow as a caring community. If the members are the disciples of Jesus then we follow his teachings and the Way that is already paved for us, first and foremost we must love without it we can do nothing else. If the church is just a game without goals, rules, or means to reach the goal then the church has failed as a caring community. Outreach ministry will have to be established to fulfill the mission of Christ. The church will have to become politically active becoming a voice for those who have none and not turn a deaf ear on those issues that impact the community as well as the church. 5. Suppose you are part (as leader/pastor) of a group of Christians which is forming into a church. How would you go about beginning the discipline process which will be an integral part of that new church? First, I would like to know if we all shared the same theological thoughts because the church needs to be a cohesive entity. I would want to know if we all shared or hoped to share similar ethical and moral standards. Without this we would just be a group with no guidelines or rules to live by. I would hope that these standards will be those of Jesus. Next I would establish each member with a partner because I believe that we all need someone to keep us accountable, for support, encouragement, and for prayer. The class system works well in this area. Research Papers on Ethics and ReligionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHip-Hop is ArtBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andGenetic Engineering

MBA Salary Guide for Business Majors

MBA Salary Guide for Business Majors Applicants rarely mention money when they tell admissions boards why they want an MBA, but salary expectations are often a huge draw when it comes to getting a business degree.  Business school tuition is notoriously expensive, and most applicants want to see a return on their investment. Factors That Influence MBA Salaries There are a lot of different factors that can influence the amount of money MBA grads earn. For example, the industry that students work in after graduation has a significant impact on salaries. MBA grads tend to earn the most in consulting, marketing, operations, general management, and finance industries. However, salaries can vary wildly within a single industry. On the low end, marketing professionals can earn about $50,000, and on the high end, they can earn $200,000. The company that you choose to work for has an impact on salary as well. For example, the salary offer you get from a modest start-up on a shoestring budget is going to be much smaller than a salary offer that you get from Goldman Sachs or another company known for offering high starting salaries to MBA grads. If you want a big salary, you may have to consider applying to a big company. Taking a job overseas can also be lucrative. Job level can have just as much of an impact as the industry and company you choose to work for. For example, an entry-level position is going to pay less than a C-level position. Entry-level positions fall on the lowest level in the workplace hierarchy. C-level, also known as C-suite, positions fall on the upper level in the workplace hierarchy and include chief executive positions like chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), and chief information officer (CIO). Median MBA Salary The Graduate Management Admission Council conducts an annual survey of corporate recruiters, who share information about starting salary offers for new MBA grads. According to the most recent survey, the median starting salary for MBA grads is $100,000. This is a nice round number that reflects base salary. In other words, it does not take other perks like sign-on bonuses, year-end bonuses, and stock options into account. These perks can add up to big money for MBAs. One MBA who graduated recently from Stanford, reported to Poets Quants that he expected to see a year-end bonus worth more than $500,000. If you are wondering whether or not an MBA will really help you to improve your salary, you may be interested to know that the $100,000 figure reported by corporate recruiters to the Graduate Management Admission Council is almost double the $55,000 median annual starting salary that corporate recruiters report for grads with a bachelors degree. MBA Cost vs. Projected Salary The school that you graduate from can also have an impact on your salary. For example, students who graduate with an MBA degree from Harvard Business School are able to command a much higher salary that students who graduate with an MBA degree from the University of Phoenix. The reputation of the school matters; recruiters take notice of schools that are known for providing a quality education and turn their nose up at schools that do not share that reputation. In general, the higher ranked a school is, the higher the salary expectations are for grads. Of course, that rule doesn’t always hold among business schools with the most stellar rankings. For example, it is possible for a grad from a #20 school to receive a better offer that a grad from a #5 school. It is important to keep in mind that higher-ranked business schools often come with higher tuition tags. Cost is a factor for most MBA applicants. You will have to determine what you can afford and consider the return on investment to determine if it is worth it to get an MBA from a high-priced school. To kick start your research, lets compare the average student debt at some of the countrys top-ranked business schools with the average starting salary for MBAs who graduate from those schools (as reported to U.S. News). U.S. News Ranking School Name Average Student Debt Average Starting Salary #1 Harvard Business School $86,375 $134,701 #4 Stanford Graduate School of Business $80,091 $140,553 #7 University of California - Berkeley (Haas) $87,546 $122,488 #12 New York University (Stern) $120,924 $120,924 #17 University of Texas - Austin (McCombs) $59,860 $113,481 #20 Emory University (Goizueta) $73,178 $116,658 Source: U.S. News

Answer essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer question - Essay Example Loving one’s self is inherent in most people. It is a human tendency to always look out for oneself and be self-centered in terms of gaining advantages and avoiding negative consequences. However, the bible commands to love one’s neighbor as one’s self. This means that individuals should look out for each other the way they look out for their own selves. Husbands, should love their wives the way they love their own selves, and even put their welfare over their own. The New Testament advocates for mutual submission and mutual service among married couples Implying that one is not in a position higher than the other and are equal in all ways. However, traditional gender roles of men and women indicate that men are more superior than women and women should bow to their husbands’ wishes. Men go out to seek livelihood to sustain the family while women stay home to care for the home and render service to their husbands and children. In contemporary times, gender roles are shifting to be more equitable for both genders, as women are now more empowered to assert themselves as capable of doing men’s roles and doing even men’s jobs. Due to these changes, there is an going battle between keeping traditional roles or adopting more modern gender roles, and in both, it loses the biblical essence of mutual submission and service. Lawler depicts human marriage as one based on a strong foundation of loyalty, service and obedience to one’s spouse and not only based on deep affection for him or her. It goes deeper than mere emotions towards another human being, and goes on to enact the love by serving the other and being steadfastly faithful. One should emulate how Christ loves his Church or people, as he not only serves them but has an unwavering faithfulness for them. The New Testament teaches that love in a Christian marriage entails fidelity and faithfulness to each other. It should be exclusive and permanent, therefore, indissoluble. This implies that

Merge of Southwet and Air Tran Airways Case Study

Merge of Southwet and Air Tran Airways - Case Study Example By January 26, 2013 codesharing has already begun and this allowed the two airlines to share itineraries. It is expected that by 2015, the more dominant brand in the merger which is Southwest Airlines will be adopted as the common brand thus removing the Air Tran brand from the merger with its operation being absorbed by Southwest. II. Introduce the companies involve Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines is the world’s largest carrier that caters to the lower end segment of the aviation industry and services to 79 destinations in 39 states in the United States. It is also the biggest operator of Boeing 737 worldwide with over 550 planes in service. It employs more than 46,000 employees and manages more than 3,400 flights a day. Air Tran Airways Airtran Airways was founded by Airtran Corporation which operated as Northwest Airlink carrier in Minneapolis and Detroit which later purchase Conquest Sun. The company grew and acquired 11 Boeing 737’s and served 24 cities in th e East and Midwest region catering to the lower segment of the market. It was later spun off by Mesaba and formed its holding company Airways Corporation which was later acquired by ValuJet Inc. and was later renamed to its AirTran Holdings. The name AirTran Airways was retained after the merger with ValuJet Inc. Before the merger with Southwest Airlines, AirTranAirways served more than 70 cities coast to coast. It also cater to the Carribean and Mexico market and flew 700 flights per day with over 8,500 crew catering to almost 25 passengers per year (AirTran Airways). III. Identify the period the company went through the merge  and reasons for the merge. give figures if possible.   The merger between Air Tran Airways and Southwestern airline is more of a takeover of Southwestern to Air Tran to expand the coverage of Southwester Airlines. By acquiring Air Tran, Southwest Airline would be able to cover flights that were not previously available to Southwestern Airline such as Atl anta - Hartsfield route that is also the world’s largest airport. Having Air Trans Airways would enable Southwest Airlines to have an access to Air Tran’s Atlanta hub and therefore a beachhead in the market that it covers (CBS News). Services previously unique to Air Tran will now be available to Soutwest Airline among those are flights in Dayton, Akron-Canton, and Washington National. In effect, the acquisition would give Southwest Airlines â€Å"a leg up in the market† by having an access to major city airports from alternate airports. As Bob Jordan, Chief Commercial Officer at Southwest Airlines and President of AirTran, said in a statement issued to The Democrat and Chronicle. "With a connected network, we can offer customers more itineraries, more destinations, more low fares, and a taste of what's to come once the integration is complete† (Trejos). IV. Brief description of the changes made   By having an access to airports and services unique only to Air Tran Airways, Southwest Airline is now able to add service to cities and airports it did not previously cover such as Dayton, Akron-Canton, and Washington National. Consequently, the merger also enabled Southwest Airlines, being the dominant entity in the merger, to remove service areas that were previously exclusive to Air Tran. The cities that were removed from their route were Allentown, Pa.; Asheville, N.C.; Atlantic City; Bloomington/Normal, Ill.; Charleston, W. Va.; Dallas/Fort Worth; Harrisburg, Pa.; Huntsville, Ala.; Knoxville, Tenn; Lexington, Ky.;

Eminent Domain Essay Example for Free

Eminent Domain Essay The power of eminent domain is succinctly provided under the U. S. Constitution, specifically in the Fifth Amendment which in part provides, â€Å". . . nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation† (U. S. Constitution, Fifth Amendment). The power of eminent domain is one of the attributes of sovereignty. This being the case, it can still be exercised even without a constitutional provision to that effect [Boom Co. V. Patterson, 98 U. S. 403 (1878)]. Historically, the power of eminent domain has been employed by the American colonies for public projects like roads and bridges (Oxford Companion, 2005). Originally, the power was considered to be applicable only to the federal government by virtue of the Fifth Amendment. â€Å"The power of eminent domain of state governments was unrestrained by any federal authority† {Green v. Frazier, 253 U. S. 233 (1920)]. â€Å"The just compensation provision of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the States, and at first the contention that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment afforded property owners the same measure of protection against the States as the Fifth Amendment did against the Federal Government was rejected† (Find Law web site, n. . ). However, with the inclusion of the Due Process clause or the Fourteenth Amendment, the power applied to the states in so far as the just compensation requirement as an element of due process as the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Chicago, Burlington Quincy Railroad v. Chicago (1897) (Oxford Companion, 2005). Except for North Carolina which exercises the power by virtue of a statutory authority, the other state governments derive theirs from their respective constitutions (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). For the power of eminent domain to be validly exercised, the following requisites or elements must concur and be proven, namely, that the property being taken is private property; there must be ‘taking;’ the taking must be for public use; and, there must be just compensation (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). The first element, private property refers to â€Å"land as well as fixtures, leases, options, stocks, and other items† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). Property rights such as water rights and right to reasonable use of the space above one’s property may also fall within the purview of private property (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). The second element, ‘taking’ means â€Å"the taking of physical property, or a portion thereof, as well as the taking of property by reducing its value† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). There is compensation when the property is taken or its use is extensively restricted that it amounts to confiscation. For instance, a highway was constructed over the waterfront to inland property; the owner of that property must be paid considering that he lost his right to use the waterfront (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). Also when airplane flights are low enough to deprive the owner of the private property below of his reasonable use of the space above his property must also be compensated as this amount to taking. The concept of ‘taking’ under the power of eminent domain should not be confused with the regulatory takings under the police power of the State. The power of eminent domain is also called the Takings clause. The difference is that in the exercise of the power of eminent domain, the ‘taking’ is for public use while on the other hand, the ‘taking’ in the exercise of police power is for purposes of regulating that property as it is â€Å"detrimental to public interest† (U. S. Constitution Annotated, n. d. ). The ‘taking’ in the exercise of police power is for the common welfare and is usually in the health and safety regulations (U. S. Constitution Annotated, n. d. ). The third element is ‘public use. It is required that the property is taken for the use and benefit of the public and not specific persons. The determination of whether a specific use is public or not rests upon the courts and is considered a question of fact. However, if there is a law which specifies the public use for which it shall be devoted, â€Å"courts will defer to legislative intent† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). In the determination of ‘public use’ the courts inquire into the fact that the property would be used by â€Å"broad segment of the general public† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). Through the years the Supreme Court in its judicial pronouncements, has expanded the concept of public use as to include â€Å"trade centers, municipal civic centers, and airport expansions† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). In 1954, public use even encompassed beautification purposes of the community. In the case of Berman v. Parker, the Court declared that the clearing of the slums is deemed as public use. The Court reviewed the plan of District of Columbia to raze properties which are partly blighted so that a department store can be erected to be managed by a private entity. The Supreme Court upheld the decision of District Columbia and ruled that it is within the prerogative of the legislative body to determine which property can be subject to the ‘taking’ for aesthetic considerations (348 U. S. 26). â€Å"Subject to specific constitutional limitations, the legislature, not the judiciary, is the main guardian of the public needs to be served by social legislation enacted in the exercise of the police power; and this principle admits of no exception merely because the power of eminent domain is involved† [Berman v. Parker 348 U. S. 26 (1954)]. In support of the legislative body, the Court further ruled that it is within the legislature’s power to address the issues of blighted areas of the community. â€Å"Redevelopment of an entire area under a balanced integrated plan so as to include not only new homes but also schools, churches, parks, streets, and shopping centers is plainly relevant to the maintenance of the desired housing standards and therefore within congressional power† [Berman v. Parker 348 U. S. 26 (1954)]. Traditionally, the concept of public use was applied in cases which involved supplying of water, electricity, transportation, roads and bridges and the like but due to the expansion of its scope through the years, a definitive determination of its scope is difficult. Defining the scope is basically one of legislative pronouncement directed to the purposes of government, incapable of abstract or historical definition [Berman v. Parker 348 U. S. 26 (1954)]. In a recent case of Hawaii Housing Authority v.  Midkiff (1984), at issue was the Land Reform Act of 1967 which provided for â€Å"a land condemnation scheme† in which title over the real property is passed from the owner-lessor to the lessees to re-distribute land and â€Å"reduce concentration of land ownership† [Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff 467 U. S. 229 (1984)]. It allowed lessees who reside in tracts of land with at least five acres of land area to request for condemnation from the Hawaii Housing Authority. A hearing would be ordered to determine if the condemnation is for public use [Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff 467 U. S. 229 (1984)]. The rationale in the transfer of ownership is found in the preservation of a free market. The proposition proceeds from a realization that concentration of land in the hands of the few prevented the â€Å"free market in real estate† and therefore its preservation is deemed a public benefit [Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff 467 U. S. 229 (1984)]. The allowance of these takings for reconveyance of land is allowed even by the U. S. Supreme Court based on the idea that the new owners will spur more effective uses to the land and thereby create more revenues in the form of taxes for the government. The last element of the power of eminent domain is just compensation. The measure of just compensation or the amount to be paid to the owner of the property condemned or expropriated is based on the fair market value (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). It is defined as â€Å"the price that could have reasonably resulted from negotiations between an owner who was willing to sell and a purchaser who desired to buy (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). This value is determined by the uses to which the property can be devoted at the time of the taking. Factors such as â€Å"history and general character of the area and the adaptability of the land for future buildings† are also considered (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). The Court, in the case of Monongahela Navigation Co. v. United States, explained that the value of just compensation should be based on the owner’s loss being placed in the best financial position as if the property had not been expropriated rather than the value of gain for the condemnor (Monongahela Navigation Co. v. United States, 148 U. S. 312). The compensation should be paid in cash, and the amount is determined as of the date title vests in the condemnor. Interest is paid on the award until the date of payment† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). The proceedings usually vary in the different states. Basically, it involves two phases, i. e. condemnation of the property and the determination of just compensation. During the pendency of the proceedings, the owner of the condemned property may continue in using his property provided that there is no substantial alteration of the same is made (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). In all proceedings, the owner must be afforded due process. This means that he must be duly notified and be given an opportunity to be heard, i. e. present his evidence and his own witnesses. He must be given also the opportunity to dispute the compensation determined if he does not agree with it. â€Å"The owner of the land has an automatic right to appeal† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). There are also cases when the owner of the land is the party that commences the proceedings. This is called inverse condemnation proceedings. This type of proceedings is usually resorted to for environmental concerns when the government has encroached on the interest of the owner of the land without paying him the just compensation such as when the government â€Å"floods a farmers field or pollutes a stream crossing private land† (West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998). With the disappearance of the traditional federal constitutional restraints on the exercise of the power of eminent domain, has the ‘public use’ requirement metamorphosed into public abuse. What therefore are its ramifications and how can these be resolved. Discussion and Analysis The power of eminent domain had been recognized by the American judiciary as a ‘despotic’ power, that notwithstanding, it also recognized that it is an inherent power necessary for it to subsist. Traditionally, the Takings clause was used only in clear situations necessitating public use projects where public necessity has been shown. The power has been exercised for bridges, roads and the like. As it developed, it was also exercised in relation to development of blighted areas because the removal of slum areas is considered as for a public purpose. The Berman case has to a certain extent modified ‘public use’ into ‘public purpose. ’ In fact it has passed on judicial responsibility of scrutiny to the legislative body that once the object is within its authority, the right to exercise the power becomes clear. As if this was not enough, the concept of ‘public use’ was completely eroded in the case of Kelo, et al. v. City of New London, Connecticut which was decided by the Supreme Court in 2005 (545 U. S. 4). A large-scale development plan was approved by the New London in order to spur economic development to an economically distressed city in terms of jobs, taxes and revenues. The residential neighborhood which is not blighted is supposed to be replaced by a research center, office space, conference hotel and the like. Portions of the project will be leased out by the private developers who will build the entire project. The city development agent was able to purchase private lands from the consenting owners. However, a number of the other residents refused to sell out and contested the condemnation proceedings initiated against their properties. The property owners filed an appeal before the Supreme Court after the having lost in the Connecticut Supreme Court [Kelo, et al. v.  City of New London, 545 U. S. 4 (2005)]. The U. S. Supreme Court ruled, â€Å"’public use’ should not be read literally. It has embraced the broader and more natural interpretation of public use as public purpose. Promoting economic development is a traditional and long-accepted governmental function. Therefore, the condemnations were for a public purpose and met the public use requirement† [Kelo, et al. v. City of New London, 545 U. S. 4 (2005)]. The rationale, for which the Bill of Rights in the Constitution was included, is for the purpose of protecting the citizenry from the vast powers of the government. These are safeguards to ensure individuals from possible abuses. Therefore any issue of doubt should be interpreted in favor of the individual and strictly against the government. Protecting property rights is one of the hallmarks of democracy. With the recent decision of the Supreme Court, every property now lies under the ghost of condemnation for the benefit of private persons. The requisites provided by the Constitution for the exercise of the power of eminent domain must be strictly adhered to and should not be interpreted loosely as to accommodate expanded meanings. It may be argued that redevelopment would bring benefits to the community and therefore the public as whole; still this is done at the expense of depriving and even curtailing the property rights of property owners who refuse to surrender them in the guise of a reasonable and lawful exercise of the power of eminent domain. Again, it may be argued further that these property owners would nevertheless receive just compensation. However, the proceedings and the determination of the amount of just compensation may be tedious. The owner who may have issues as to the amount already determined may have scarce resources to raise these issues in a long and expensive legal battle in court as against vast resources of government and legal machinery. In general, with an expansive justification to the taking, the peaceful possession and ownership of a property owner is disturbed. Analysis of states legislations reveal that majority of the laws contain justification for the exercise of the power of eminent domain in cases where there is a determination of blighted areas which pose unsanitary and unsafe conditions. In these cases, the necessity for public use is clearly established. In the case of Kelo, no such necessity exists and the higher risk of redevelopment authorities to take advantage of such ruling is not remote. The ruling in the Kelo case signifies the utter lack of creativity and ingenuity on the part of the state authorities to conceive and plan ways and means to spur economic redevelopment other than by taking private properties from its owners. The state officials/government seemed to have acted as middleman in procuring property for the private individuals. One of the city redevelopment directors has been quoted as saying, â€Å"city decides which properties to condemn based on whether someone in the private sector wants the land and has a project for it† (Staley, 2003). Clearly, it is the private interests that push redevelopment. The issue of whether this would benefit the public would remain to be seen and while waiting for this to materialize, the property owners were already deprived of the properties they have acquired and established residence in through time. Economic redevelopment is basically a function and responsibility of government but by approving redevelopment plans of private contractors and the acquisition of private properties under the guise of the power of eminent domain, government has in effect contracted out its function and responsibility in spurring economic development within their localities in favor of private entities. On the whole, the exercise of the power of eminent domain under the expansive meaning of ‘public use’ sends a wrong signal to private individuals. It is every American’s dream to own and establish a family home in a community where their children can grow up. In fact laws such as the Homeowners Protection Act have been enacted to support this and assist those who establish family residential homes. It is also every American’s dream to own real property so they toil and labor so that the fruits of their work can be invested for their security in the future. However, with the deplorable manner by which the power of eminent domain is now exercised, property rights are wrecked and city governments are on carte blanche as to which properties may be condemned as dictated by redevelopment companies whose only tool seems to be that. The Court in the Kelo case reverted to the States the function to impose restrictions and restraints in the exercise of the power of eminent domain. This may be interpreted as an abdication of the Court’s power to strike down the abusive manner in which the power of eminent domain was exercised. It is empowered by the Constitution under its judicial review power to declare whether an act of government officials have been executed beyond the mandated duties and functions. The Court is duty bound to ensure safeguards against government action.

Cloning :: essays research papers fc

Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Twenty-five years ago, scientists thought that cloning was virtually impossible. In the last five years, the science of cloning, has come to realization. What is a clone? A clone is a duplicate - much like a photocopy is a duplicate, or copy, of a document (Kolate, 238). A good example of copies that occur in nature are identical twins, which are duplicates of each other. On a daily basis, molecular geneticists and other scientists use cloning techniques to replicate various genetic materials such as gene segments and cells (Kolate, 238). Recently the cloning of a living life form was brought from the realms of science fiction to reality with the cloning of a sheep named Dolly (Kolate 236). Imagine meeting an exact replica of somebody or yourself seven to ten years from now (Kaku 6). They look alike, and even have the same genetic makeup. This is the new world of cloning. As with every new science, there are those who believe in it, and those who oppose it. So many questions arise. What if some one like Hitler had access to this technology? Would people want two identical copies of a child or a relative? What are the chances of people illegally obtaining blood samples of, for example, Albert Einstein, Bill Clinton, or even Lee Harvey Oswald for sale on the black market? Is there a way we can possibly outlaw and enforce cloning? Could this development actually be used for a benefit, such as bringing back endangered or extinct animals? The instantaneous reaction of the world has been mixed. However, the overall benefits appear to out weigh the other factors. This new technological development can not be passed off. It has the potential of enormous benefits to society. The new technology of cloning should be utilized because it could bring back extinct organisms, help infertile couples to have children, and potentially save many lives. Cloning could bring back extinct animals (Kaku 227). Over millions of years, thousands of different species have gone extinct. Most were due to natural selection, while several others were due to human intervention. Approximately two-thirds of all the native bird species (Kendall n/a) and one-fifth of the native plants (Kendall n/a) originally found on the Hawaiian Islands have gone extinct recently. Predators, competitors, or diseases introduced by humans from continental areas are responsible for many of the extinctions. Also, many remaining species on other oceanic islands are threatened or endangered. Cloning :: essays research papers fc Cloning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Twenty-five years ago, scientists thought that cloning was virtually impossible. In the last five years, the science of cloning, has come to realization. What is a clone? A clone is a duplicate - much like a photocopy is a duplicate, or copy, of a document (Kolate, 238). A good example of copies that occur in nature are identical twins, which are duplicates of each other. On a daily basis, molecular geneticists and other scientists use cloning techniques to replicate various genetic materials such as gene segments and cells (Kolate, 238). Recently the cloning of a living life form was brought from the realms of science fiction to reality with the cloning of a sheep named Dolly (Kolate 236). Imagine meeting an exact replica of somebody or yourself seven to ten years from now (Kaku 6). They look alike, and even have the same genetic makeup. This is the new world of cloning. As with every new science, there are those who believe in it, and those who oppose it. So many questions arise. What if some one like Hitler had access to this technology? Would people want two identical copies of a child or a relative? What are the chances of people illegally obtaining blood samples of, for example, Albert Einstein, Bill Clinton, or even Lee Harvey Oswald for sale on the black market? Is there a way we can possibly outlaw and enforce cloning? Could this development actually be used for a benefit, such as bringing back endangered or extinct animals? The instantaneous reaction of the world has been mixed. However, the overall benefits appear to out weigh the other factors. This new technological development can not be passed off. It has the potential of enormous benefits to society. The new technology of cloning should be utilized because it could bring back extinct organisms, help infertile couples to have children, and potentially save many lives. Cloning could bring back extinct animals (Kaku 227). Over millions of years, thousands of different species have gone extinct. Most were due to natural selection, while several others were due to human intervention. Approximately two-thirds of all the native bird species (Kendall n/a) and one-fifth of the native plants (Kendall n/a) originally found on the Hawaiian Islands have gone extinct recently. Predators, competitors, or diseases introduced by humans from continental areas are responsible for many of the extinctions. Also, many remaining species on other oceanic islands are threatened or endangered.

I wish I could say I was proud of my generation, but lets face it: the media aren’t far wrong

The common perception of teenagers today is soiled by images of alcohol, drugs, hoodies, crime, disobedience, violence and unintelligence. Most teenagers would counter this with outrage and blame these demeaning interpretations on a small minority and stereotyping in the media; but I am here to say that we bring it upon ourselves to have such a reputation. I wish I could say I was proud of my generation, but let's face it: the media aren't far wrong. Having been amongst it for many years now, I can safely say that we are a generation of deadbeat, attention seeking, conformist, moaners. Thriving from a lack of discipline, we spend our days free of any common manner: loitering around in a constant sulk, yawning without covering our mouths, wearing caps indoors as if it's perfectly acceptable. A rare occasion: when â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† is used in an exchange, when a smile is seen to disprove any hostility, or when vocal responses outside of a pathetic mumble are explored. That'll be the day. These are all rules which would appear obvious to the older generation, however in my generation, they are disregarded and branded as old-fashioned. â€Å"Who needs standards anyway? Get with the times, I'm not hurting anyone!† we plea, as an excuse to act like slobs and walk around in vests eating pasties in the streets before throwing the wrapping on the floor and wiping our hands on our thighs. Not only is there a decline in manner, but there is a decline in language. It pains me to watch the Americanisation of British English slowly materialise, and this is more prominent than ever amongst teenagers. Every sentence is littered with the word â€Å"like†, and words such as â€Å"whatever† and â€Å"dunno† are common responses. Swearing and slang is used to show some sort of rebellion against manner or social inclusion amongst friends†¦ or should I say â€Å"mates†. And now – with the increased reliance on mobile phones – text speak is diseasing the English language with its pointless abbreviations. TBH, IDK what's wrong with speaking properly. Another embarrassing element of teenage culture is the underage consumption of alcohol, which is now a growing problem amongst teenagers. Flashback 20 years ago and teenagers would be lucky to have a sip of eggnog during Christmas; now, we're out â€Å"on the lash† almost every weekend. Going out with the general motive of â€Å"having a laugh†, stumbling past careless doormen into dingy clubs, awkwardly mingling with people twice their age, and eventually passing out at 4AM without any care or dignity about them and a little nudge towards liver disease. But why is there the need to drink underage? The fact is that as teenagers, we are resistant to accept our adolescence, we all strive for maturity, all we want is to fit in with the grown-ups. We try and convert our undeveloped minds to fit that of an adult's by indulging in such substances as coffee, alcohol and maybe (for the extra-mature kids) drugs. We buy lottery tickets the second we turn 16, learn to drive the second we turn 17, and get plastered the second we turn 18. Oh, how mature. While the teenagers race towards maturity, the parents try their hands at being young and hip just once, and are slated beyond belief. We speedily climb the ladder of maturity, whilst our parents wait at the top fuelling us with food, money and too much damn freedom. Aside from acting mature, teenagers have other means of flaunting their independence, such as fashion. A teenager's sense of fashion is something which often confuses the older generation, and no wonder. Teenagers are now walking around with gaping holes in their ear lobes, absurd hair colours and pieces of metal skewered through their face, it's like we've regressed to the days of the freak show. The reason for this is that we see fashion as a way of self-expression, it's a contest to see who can have the most unique look, and this often leads to a rather outlandish outcome. However, this is no excuse for wearing sunglasses and caps indoors or girls caking their faces in make-up and wearing revealing outfits. The current state of fashion is a gargantuan mess: people trying to stand out and people trying to fit in with those who stand out; that is the general idea. And the result: a cacophony of cries for attention. Something that is corresponding amidst most teenagers is the constant need to complain, it's almost as if we enjoy it. Even if we were living the perfect life, we'd probably whine about how it's â€Å"too perfect†. Facebook is used as a platform for voicing such dire grievances as â€Å"EASTENDERS CANSELLD 4 THA FOOTIE! OMG!† or â€Å"ME MAM BURNT ME CHIKEN NUGETS!† – freedom of speech at its best. Money is an aspect which often spurs complaints: we complain about our lack of money, so we get a job and complain about how bad that is, then we earn money and spend it on trivial things. Then the cycle repeats, over and over and over. Maybe there's nothing wrong with us complaining, I mean, it's not like there are people worse off or anything. It's not easy wielding such a pretentious outlook at my age, it's a constant struggle, withstanding the strain of influence inflicted by fellow teenagers. Alas, few are those who choose a country walk over a pub crawl, Tchaikovsky over Tupac, broadsheets over booze. â€Å"Stuff the rules, we just wanna have fun!† Will a game of chess and some homemade shortbread entice you? Thought not.

Language Disorders

Language development is connected to the physical maturation, cognitive development, and socialization of a person. Yet, the details of the process — the particulars of what happens physiologically, cognitively, and socially in the learning of language — are still being debated.   Language disorders are the impairment or deviant development of the normal processes in language development. These are often characterized by comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or symbol system. The disorder may involve (1) the form of language (phonologic, morphologic, and syntactic systems) (2) the content of language (semantic system), and or (3) the function of language in communication (pragmatic system) in any combination (Committee on Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools of the ASHA, 1982). . The ASHA definitions suggest a classification scheme involving five subsystems or types of language: phonological (sounds), morphological (word forms), syntactical (word order and sentence structure), semantic (word and sentence meanings), and pragmatic (social use of language). According to Hegde (1996), whatever the age of the child being assessed, it is the role of   clinicians to typically follow a set of common procedures that serve as the foundation for the assessment. The assessment procedure usually entails obtaining clinician various types of relevant data such as: – results of visual and/or audiological evaluations; – medical data that may be relevant; – psychological data, including results from cognitive and intelligence testing After that a general overview of a child’s language skills will be suggested, if there is a possible language problem and further assessment is necessary.   In determining the developmental feature of language disorders, however, these are diagnosed separately, the presence of speech or language problems that cannot be explained by an obvious medical condition. For example, linguistic deficits can be confined to expressive language or can extend to receptive abilities, although pure receptive impairment is seldom seen. When it comes to speech output, affected children may fail to produce sounds that would be expected on the basis of age and dialect, which may be associated with difficulties in the planning and execution of the fine motor sequences that underlie speech. It is important t note that although the ideal time to begin treating children with language problems is during the preschool years, many times it is during elementary school that language problems in children become apparent as the child begins to demonstrate deficiencies in reading and writing which hinders academic progress. For preschool children, there are two features that can be associated with language-learning disability classified to be in the morphosyntactic form. Factors like mental retardation, environmental factors, and others could be the causes of these disorders.   Characteristics associated with language problems can include the following: Problematic syntactic skills. – Shorter instead of longer sentences, simpler instead of more complex sentences, single words or phrases in place of sentences, and a limited variety of syntactic structures. Problematic learning of grammatic morphemes – Difficulty with comparatives and superlatives (e.g., small, smaller, smallest), omission of bound morphemes (e.g., past tense-ed, plural-s), and incorrect use of learned grammatic morphemes, including overgeneralizations (e.g., womans/women, goed/went) past the appropriate developmental point. In school-age children or older person, morphosyntactic difficulties have been observed with the following features: Difficulty in using complex words or sentences containing subordinate clauses and suffixes – They may have problems inflecting words using suffixes (e.g., making a plural by adding s, constructing the present progressive by adding ing). Limited length of sentences; sentences are shorter than expected – School-age children with syntactic difficulties might leave out important grammatical markers, such as articles (a, an, the) and might have problems using pronouns correctly (e.g., say her did it instead of she did it). On the area of disorders in features of semantics, preschool children have been observed to have the following difficulties: Slow or delayed language onset – Delayed babbling, slower vocabulary growth rate, delayed acquisition of vocabulary, slowness in combing words into phrases and sentences, and overall slower acquisition of language milestones. Limited amount of language output or expressive language – Limited verbal repertoire, lack of complex or longer word productions, limited amount of vocabulary produced and comprehended, and lack of abstract words in repertoire. On the other hand, disorders of semantics in school age children and adults have been observed with these features: Word-retrieval problems in conversational speech resulting dysfluencies such as repetitions, revisions, and false starts – For example, after hearing the word rumpus five times in the story Where the Wild Things Are, the child might still react to this word in the future as if he or she has never heard it before. Problems with word-definition skills; possibly especially evident in defining scientific and technical words –   For example, when faced with a situation that has rumpus-like characteristics, the child would not be able to use the word to describe the situation. The individual might not be able to make sense of stories, retell them in ways that make sense to listeners, or say things to which others can attach meaning. In the area of pragmatics, the focus is on the context and the function of the utterance. As pragmatics define the social skills of language: how, where, when, and with whom language is used, it is thus heavily dependent on culture, what is viewed as polite in one culture may be seen as weak and unassertive in another. A person with a disorder in pragmatics might not understand how to use language in social situations. For example, the person might start a conversation with a complete stranger by saying something like â€Å"I like planes a lot, and I like to watch them† or say something offensive, such as â€Å"You’re ugly!† or say something totally not connected with the previous statement. Individuals with pragmatic language disorders may not know how to make their needs clear to others or know how to use language for practical purposes. Thus, problems in this area originate from the previous two disorders (morphosyntactic and semantics) because the feature of this disorder rely on the goals or functions of language, the use of context to determine what form to use to achieve these goals, and the rules for carrying out cooperative conversations; all of which are rooted in the previous two. The proper approach to these disorders demands classification, but human beings and their language are very difficult to categorize. Therefore, all classification systems still contain ambiguities, and none can account for all cases. Children or adults may have either more than one primary diagnostic category or characteristics that do not fit into any category. This is in recognition of the fact that each child represents a unique set of circumstances, so language assessment and intervention should be individualized.   

Why the Drinking Age Should be Lowered essays

Why the Drinking Age Should be Lowered essays On my eighteenth birthday earlier this summer, I was informed of my new responsibilities as an adult. Legally, Im old enough to move out and live without supervision, get married without a parents permission, be held accountable for my actions, and face the consequences as any American adult would. At age eighteen, Im able to get into dance clubs, and some clubs on the eastside that cater to the adult crowd, or so I hear. Im old enough to join the military and fight for my country, and am considered an adult by all legal standards. I have the same amount of independence as my parents, or do I? This drinking age in this country is age twenty-one. When one reaches twenty-one, the have complete freedom. They can drink freely without fear of being caught and punished along with the many freedoms they received when they turned eighteen. Years ago, the legal drinking age was eighteen. The government changed this because? My thoughts, they didnt think the youth of that generation were mature enough to handle the responsibilities that come along with the consumption of alcohol. A responsibility of that magnitude does require a certain level of maturity. I feel that by age eighteen, one is mature enough to handle that responsibility. If youre old enough to go to war, why arent you old enough to drink? I believe society would benefit from this change because drunk driving rates could possibly lower. An underage person goes to a party, and drinks until he or she is not in proper state of mind to drive home. They dont want to call a parent or someone else to pick them up for the fear of getting in trouble for drinking underage. If they were of age, they could freely call someone without the chance of getting in trouble for doing something illegal. Ive heard stories that people my age drink mostly because its somethi ...

Slipping into Newspeak

Slipping into Newspeak Slipping into Newspeak Slipping into Newspeak By Maeve Maddox One of the scariest things Ive read lately is this comment in a language forum: America is based on the tradition of divergent thinking There was a time when nuances were important; larger vocabularies were needed.   These vocabularies will soon be superfluous as we move into an age where communications are devised and sent in the most efficient manner available.  (Emphasis added.) Anyone who has read George Orwells 1984 will hear in this comment an echo of the character Symes conversation with Winston about the shrinking size of the Newspeak dictionary: Were getting the language into its final shape Were destroying words scores of them, hundreds of them, every day. Were cutting the language down to the bone. The Eleventh Edition [of the Newspeak dictionary] wont contain a single word that will become obsolete before the year 2050. Rules of grammar that contribute to precision of thought are already breaking down. Nuances that used to be observed in newspaper writing are disappearing, for example, such pairs as smell/fragrance, peal/toll, famous/notorious: Wedding Bells are Tolling Less in Milwaukee Stories about historys most famous murders at the Crime Library Such a Tiny Flower But What a Beautiful Smell The character Symes explains to Winston that paring English to the bare bones of communication is in the public interest: Dont you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed, will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten. In Orwells novel, the emasculation of the language is undertaken by the government as a means of controlling and extinguishing dissident thought. In reality, thanks to the neglect of language instruction in the public schools, over-simplified writing in the media, and the popular attitude that standard English is elitist and undemocratic, government intervention has not been necessary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Human Services Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Human Services Issues - Research Paper Example It is shown in the articles of Bosman (2010) and Kaufman (2008) that since housing takes up the largest percentage of individual and family income traditional belief indicates that this whole population is in the verge of homelessness, and numerous do become homeless at some point in their poor life. Other, more definite roots of homelessness involve issues of employment, weakening public support, limited affordable housing, substance abuse, mental problems, domestic violence, and lack of health insurance (McNamara 2008). Any one of these issues is adequate to make a family or an individual homeless, and for numerous people, homelessness is the outcome of a personal conflict between being employed in a low-paying job with no health privileges and lack of accessible, low-priced housing. A family and individual in the aforesaid situations usually cannot pay for housing on their earnings from a minimum-wage employment, and they are not entitled to public support. This reality is accurat ely described by Bosman (2010) by stating that administration officials were surprised and demoralized by the marked increase in the prevalence of homelessness. Even the commissioner of homeless services, Robert Hess, declared that the city of New York is now feeling the enlargement in its massive shelter system several years ago (McNamara 2008). As cited by Bosman (2010), Hess declared, â€Å"And now we’re seeing the devastating effect of this unprecedented poor economy on our streets as well† (ibid, para 2). Statistics show that children make up 25% of the homeless in urban areas, and among the homeless adult, 14% are unmarried females and 47% are unmarried males (McNamara 2008, 52). Previous reports from the 1997 study of the U.S. Conference of Mayors of homelessness in urban areas suggest that 36% of the population of homeless people is made up of homeless families (McNamara 2008, 52). New York City, as clearly explained by Bosman (2010), is bearing the brunt of th e national recession. However, homelessness is not just an outcome of the declining economy; it is also brought about by the reduction in the number of low-priced housing alternatives to working and poor individuals and families in New York City. The article of Bosman (2010) gives the insight that in other corners of the United States individuals blame their homelessness and poor conditions on impoverished individuals. The traditional belief that poor individuals become poor due to their own weaknesses remains. This belief normally rules out children, who are regarded innocent, but it is difficult to support children without supporting their parents. Although Bosman (2010) obviously think that it is vital for individuals to assume responsibility for their own lives, it is also vital that in an affluent country for society to also assume responsibility. In several regions of the country, homelessness and poverty are quite indiscernible (McNamara 2008). Bosman’s (2010) article showed that the homelessness and poverty awareness of New York has raised a very developed knowledge of poverty and its roots. This article indirectly shows hard proof that the officials of New York understand the problem of homelessness. Meanwhile, the most

Ehical perspective of business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ehical perspective of business - Assignment Example Business and individuals therefore when left on its will do whatever it takes to make a profit. It can only be mitigated by introducing ethics to temper its greed and have a sense of responsibility. Unethical practices are just very common particularly in business. Even us, as consumers are part of it without even knowing it. Once classic example is our participation and our encouragement for sweatshops to flourish by our patronage to their products. They employ bondage and child labor with despicable working conditions and they continue to exist because of us. And just when we thought that big businesses are not involved in employing sweatshops, we are very wrong because they are. Worst, they will even distance themselves and deny it when they are caught. I can cite the example of Swedish fast-fashion retailer  Hennes & Mauritz who subcontracted to a sweat shop in Cambodia whose building collapsed that killed many of its workers. Instead of being remorseful, Hennes & Mauritz instead denied approval of their orders to the factory to distance itself from the issue (O’Keeffe and Narin). Another company involved is Asics, a Japanese sneaker company. Asics however took a different approach and instead said that it will conduct an investigation to mitigate public anger of being a party to employing sweatshops (Cheang). These cases illustrate that business is indeed amoral that put ethics in business may seem to be an oxymoron because they contradict each other (Crane and Matten, 2006). This would not have happened without our participation and part of the equation of the blame is on us because we patronize and even seek products that are made from sweatshops. Actions which may be considered unethical such as deception and use of sweatshops may even become permissible as long they can become profitable. And if they are exposed, they will readily deny involvement